· Identify a section or passage from your memoir that would be worth analyzing through one of the lenses. Summarize this section briefly, in a sentence or two.
· Then analyze this section or passage through one of the lenses in a few sentences.
· Close your blog post with a lens question related to your analysis, that any classmate—no matter which memoir they are reading, can respond to. (Examples: Is anyone else starting to feel that their memoirist’s memory is unreliable? Is anyone else’s memoirist struggling with his/her performance of gender role norms? Is anyone else seeing examples blurred lines between the “colonizer” and the “colonist”?)
· Respond to at least 2 of your peers’ posts.
The main character of the memoir "Brain on Fire," Susannah Cahalan, is in recovery stage after being released from the hospital. Unfortunately, she cannot rely on her own memory to piece together what occurred during her stay at the hospital and is thus' forced to rely on the memory of her family members and close relatives. In this specific scene Susannah's mom asks her if she has any recollection of getting the EEG (electroencephalogram) to which Susannah responds that she does not remember. Her mother begins to cry at the thought that her daughter won't ever be able to recover the memory she's lost and be able to be herself again.
ReplyDeleteThrough a psychoanalytical reading of this passage what do you think Freud would say about this specific passage? "When the brain is working to remember something, similar patterns of neurons fire as they did during the perception of the original event. These networks are linked, and each time we revisit them, they become stronger and more associated. But they need the proper retrieval cues- words, smells, images--for them to be brought back as memories."
After reading this is Freud's analogy substantial enough to compare it to the complexity of the brain? He does say that the memories on the wax slab remain and that can connect to memories being recollected through cues or words, but how else can the two be connected? Does his theory leave room for a faulty or malfunctioning magic slate toy/brain?
In any of your memoirs can you offer any contradictory information to a any of the theorists theories? Are there any loopholes? Black holes?
Nice questions! In About Alice, Calvin Trillin often comments on how his recollections of events can be iffy. Calvin refers to when he first saw Alice. He remembers her wearing a hat and that her eyebrows were a shade darker than her hair. However, he can't seem to remember if she was wearing a hat. This is significant in relation to your question because this is the first time Calvin had seen the love of his life, which would be a significant moment in someone's memory. Therefore, does it matter how large the event is to remember smaller details?
DeleteIn About Alice, Calvin Trillin, the memoirist, writes about his life and how it was influenced by his wife, Alice. Within this memoir, the gender lens can be used to separate both Calvin and Alice, as Alice’s role was a wife and mother, “Alice played the role of the mom- the voice of reason, the sensible person on an even keel despite the antics of her marginally goofy husband”(4). It is evident that this motherly role is a gender specific role, as she was Calvin’s and their children’s support, reference, chef, caregiver, etc. Her role is connected to her identity, but it was also expected of her to maintain that role. This is significant because today, this “motherly” role doesn’t necessarily have to be taken on by the female, as males and fathers can be supportive and an active member of the family life. As Calvin and Alice’s relationship does take place during the 1960’s, the roles women had and the roles men had are different, as today it is more common for women to be the role of the breadwinner, where that would have been Calvin’s role. My question is: are there any other memoirs that highlight specific roles within family life and is there anyone enforcing that role?
ReplyDeleteIn my memoir specifically the gender lens doesn't necessarily apply in the most direct way but there is some overlap. In "Brain on Fire" Susannah's parents are divorced and it was only after her disease and month stay in the hospital that her parents became more involved in her life since she was already living independently. However, although we might assume that Susannah's mom was always in the hospital with her daughter, Susannah's father was actually the parent who stayed overnight and always spent any time he could taking care of his daughter. This is surprising because Susannah used to be extremely close with her mother and in a way disconnected from her father but after her disease these pre-determined roles switched.
DeleteIn “Girl, Interrupted”, Susanna talks about the locations of staff rooms, patient bedrooms, and bathrooms. She notes that staff rooms, such as the conference room and “hyrdotherapy tub room”, are on the right and the patient bedrooms are on the left. She specifically uses the word “lunatic” when referring to the patients. She also comments that “the toilets and shower rooms were also to the right, as though the staff claimed oversight of our most private acts.” It’s interesting that she explains how the hospital was set up so that the “lunatics” are all on the left and the staff members are all on the right, as if there was literally a social boundary separating the two, where the “other” are all on one side and the “normal” people are on the other side. Moreover, a deeper post-colonial reading of this passage show that the the patients are pretty much seen as the colonized and the staff is seen as the colonizer. Susanna’s language, when commenting about where the bathrooms were, reveal that the staff members not only hold power over the patients, but also over their privacy, which is similar to the colonized-colonizer relationship. Therefore, even simple details, like the location of certain amenities, can impact the relationship between people and can reinforce underlying ideas of existing social boundaries.
ReplyDeleteMy question is, do you guys have any characters that clearly notice there is a social boundary in the environment they’re in?
I think that in each memoir the reader can find a moment where social boundaries exist in a specific environment. I think this because you can consider multiple things as social boundaries. A social boundary can be based on physical appearance, color of skin, race, religion, gender, sexual preference, anyone can find one thing by which to create a social boundary. In my memoir the social boundary is being ill, it's having a disease. This can also be considered having a disability. Due to the malleability of societal norms vs, personal norms we can determine that social boundaries are a product of these norms clashing together.
DeleteIn About Alice, Alice partakes in a photoshoot for a magazine for a favor for a friend. According to Calvin Trillin she is the most beautiful woman, but she still felt uncomfortable. This part in particular, when Alice is posing for a camera is challenging a social norm. In the 1960's, women were expected to stay at home and not flaunt, but Alice was being noted for her beauty and brains. The fact that Alice was uncomfortable shows that is her doing this was not socially normal.
DeleteIn "Brain on Fire", there are many depths when it comes to the colonized and colonizer. The author is in this hard lined boundary due to her being illness which others can also physically see that she is sick. In this case, she is the other and she is treated in awkward way, almost like a pariah. Her parents are also "others" because they are the parents of a sick girl. They are being"other"ed because their responsibilities and role of being a parent is different from the norm. Most weirdly, Susannah and her parents are also colonizers because they "other" patients who are sicker than Susannah, which is weird because outsiders do the same thing to Susannah which is a bit ironic.
DeleteThe wife of the author of my memoir "About Alice" touches upon on this. There is a part where he talks about Alice dedicating her time and effort to remedial education. Even though it was not an explicit indication of their class, this section made me realize that the author and his family come from a privileged place in society.
DeleteMy memoirist, Augusten, was staying at Dr.Finch's home. He had more freedom when staying with Dr.Finch as opposed the little freedom he had at his own home. Even though he could be more open he was not sure what Dr.Finch and his family would think when he revealed he was gay. The reason behind this is that there existed a social boundary, in this case the boundary was religion. The Finches were Catholic and he was not sure if they would accept him after he reveals his secret.
DeleteIn OITNB, the memoirist definitely notices social boundaries and even becomes a 'victim' of it. Piper realized that there we no books to help incarcerated women, rather, there were only books to help incarcerated men. This insinuates that men are generalized to commit offenses instead of women.
DeleteI think that in each memoir the reader can find a moment where social boundaries exist in a specific environment. I think this because you can consider multiple things as social boundaries. A social boundary can be based on physical appearance, color of skin, race, religion, gender, sexual preference, anyone can find one thing by which to create a social boundary. In my memoir the social boundary is being ill, it's having a disease. This can also be considered having a disability. Due to the malleability of societal norms vs, personal norms we can determine that social boundaries are a product of these norms clashing together.
DeleteIn OITNB, Piper was incarcerated and her entire identity changed. She went from a preppry, educated girl to a busted drug-ring inmate. When she entered the prison, her name was eradicated and she received a serial number which represents her - it became her identity. She was now being identified by her looks and the crime she committed.
ReplyDeleteThis is similar to the mirror theory, as ones identity is different from others, but identity can rely on others at the same time. Piper's serial number is obviously different from the other inmates, but the way she looks and what she committed defines her, especially in a detention center.
So, do any of your memoirists have 'conflicting' identities?
I think the idea of 'conflicting' identities is mind boggling because you're identity is what makes you, you, but if you have multiple identities, then which one is more like you?
DeleteIn my memoir, "Brain on Fire", the author use to be a lively, intelligent, and warm hearted person before she was diagnosed with her mental illness. However, during her illness, she became volatile, grumpy one moment, fine another moment, and etc. Even though she took this personality for a while, it did not mean it was her identity. However, the conflicting part is how her identity is perceived amongst other people. One might see her illness as her identity as others think the old her is her real identity.
In my book 'About Alice," I see lot of identity conflicts. Particularly, there was a section in which Calvin discussed how his wife does not really understand the concept of clubs yet he is part of some clubs. In a way, even though Calvin is proud of being a member of clubs, I think that he's wife's lack of care for clubs makes him question that part of his identity.
DeleteI think how your choice to use the word conflicting was pretty accurate because in my memoir,Positive, my memoirist has a virus and is treated as if she is the nasty virus herself. Her classmates see her identity as HIV. As if she was the embodiment of the virus itself,but she isnt at all. She isnt invading peoples body and attacking their T cells. Before they knew she even had a disease,everyone was all fine and dandy. It only took 5 seconds for her classmates to turn her back on her,but Paiges identity is very conflicting to some because just a day ago they were hanging out with Paige and now are expected to tease her.Very conflicting indeed.
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ReplyDeleteIn my memoir, Brain on Fire, the memoirist explains: "Over a week, I had gone from being a notoriously difficult patient to a favorite, the ward's 'interesting consult'... young MDs, hardly a day older at me , stared at me as if I were a caged animal in a zoo." This could be analyzed through the Post Colonial lens for in this case Susannah is exhibited as an "exotic creature" because he diagnosis was so rare everyone was amazed. In this case, Susannah was romanticized as this 'fascinating' patient. Susannah describes this 'othering' as if they were treating her like an animal. So it can be inferred through the memoirist interpretation that the 'othering' of a person can lead to a sense of dehumanization. It is as if perceiving something unusual about someone results in immediate exclusion of the person as being a "different specie". In this case, curiosity and the desire to understand something rare served as an agent to 'other' Susannah.
ReplyDeleteMy question is: Through the observation and analysis of Post Colonial Theory, has anyone noticed any other agents for 'othering'. Have you perceived an instance where a character in your story couldn't resist 'othering someone else'? As a real life implication, is almost intrinsic for us to 'other' that which doesn't fit our 'standard of normal'?
In chapter five of the memoir I am reading "About Alice," Calvin Trillin's description of his wife's attitude towards smoking raised some ideas that paralleled some of Lacan's mirror stage theory. Mainly, in the chapter Calvin discussed Alice's aversion towards all things related to smoking. This was interesting to me because Calvin also mentions that both of Alice's parents were avid smokers. I found this interesting because I kind of counters some of Lacan's explanation of the formation of identity. According to Lacan, we based our identities off of the "other" that we see reflected in the mirror. By this logic,"smoking" should have been part of Alice's identity, but it is not. I think that, at times, Lacan's theory does not work(and this is acceptable because it is a theory). Futhermore, I think that, sometimes, Instead of adopting all of the other reflections we see in the mirror stage, we analyze and detach our self from some of them. This is what Alice and many other people that do not identify with some of the things they grew up with despite the fact that it was an integral part of their development.
ReplyDeleteAs a result, I was wondering whether the rest of you have encountered instances in which at least one of the lenses we learned about were disproved by the memoir you are reading?
In the book, "Brain on Fire" by Susannah Cahalan, the author, Susannah is being tested by a doctor to see how her memory is functioning. The doctor compared a person's working memory with a computer's random access memory as in "How many programs you can have open all at once-how many things you can keep in your head at once and spit back out."
ReplyDeleteThis relates to Freud's memory theory, except he relates memory to a magic slate pad. He talks about memory not being permanent and continuously being overwritten. With the comparison of the computer ram, it demonstrates that your memory is an never ending space. However, that does not matter unless the person is able to manipulate what is in the memory and spit it back out in correctly. Freud's memory shows that your memory, even though there is no limit to how much you can put in your memory, there is a limit to how much you can remember the memory correctly because it can fade away. With Susannah, she is unable to manipulate her short term memory but is able to depend on her long term. This is like the magic slate toy, the new drawing is quickly erased while you still have a faint shades of your past drawings on the slate.
Does your memoirist tend to struggle more when they're recalling things or when they're unable to manipulate that information to their benefit?
In the book, "Positive" my memoirist had a problem recalling two specific event and that was trying to remember the last time she had put a note in her friend's locker and what she had said to make her and her friend not speak anymore after the lock-in at her school.
DeleteIn my memoir,Positive, Paige tends to want to change a memory when she doesnt want to face the truth. Her truth is that she told her bestfriend that she had HIV and after that her bestfriend told everyone and begun bullying her. Paige attempts to change her "bestfriend's" bullying into a misunderstsnding,but eventually jumps back into reality and knows that her heart is broken from being abadon from a girl she had so many good times with.
DeleteIn the book, "Positive", Paige went to Miss Ward, one of the school officials for help on how to stop the bullying she was facing at school.
ReplyDeleteIn Lacan's point of view, Paige realized that she couldn't make Miss Ward say what she wanted her to say. The "Mirror Theory", shows us that we can't control what might come out of someone else's mouth or how they might react to a certain situation. Paige wanted Miss Ward to tell her "[she] will take care of the [bullying]" but Miss Ward didn't say that. Even though we try to get others to say what we want them to say we can't force them to do or get mad at them for what they are really feeling. So this leads me to ask: Was there something out of your memoirist's control that made them feel like their was no way out because they couldn't control the situation that they were in?
In "Girl, Interrupted", Susanna tried to kill herself by swallowing fifty aspirin. She saw that this was the only way to kill that suicidal part of her. Because she saw that there was no other option as a solution, she resorted to a partial suicide. Like Lacan said, we can only have control over our actions and thoughts, not others. Therefore, people who can't live with this limited control struggle with these situations and might even resort to extreme methods to deal with the situation.
DeleteIn OITNB, I feel like Piper being in prison is the situation that she can't control. She's incarcerated and can't do anything about it. She can't control that the security is tough, that she cant see her family and friends, and things of that nature. Although she cannot control her situation, she put herself in that predicament.
DeleteIn "Running With Scissors" my memoirist Augusten did encounter a time in which he could not control the situation. Augusten's mother left him for a week at Dr.Finchs home. There was nothing he could do to change his mother's mind. He did not abide with her decision. He had no influence over his mother because he could only control himself.
DeleteThis question definitely related to my memoir Brain on Fire, Susannah has this unknown disease that does enable her brain to work properly. This causes her body to be out of her control. She expresses her constant frustration because she can't be her "normal" self.
DeleteIn my memoir, the author's wife passed away. Obviously, this is the thing that no humans can control. However, the author doesn't feel helpless. He was aware that his wife's death was out of his control and just dealt with his situation.
DeleteIn the memoir,Positive,by Paige Rawl,Paige is bullied in middle school because she has HIV. Being a preteen,Paige is truly exposed to societies quota for which she no longer meets the bar of (in her classmates eyes).In Lacan's Mirror theory, when Paige realizes that there are other people in the mirror with her,the reflection she sees of herself is not from her perspective,but instead the perspective of others. She is no longer Paige Rawl a girl who wins pageants and loves being a cheerleader,but instead a disgusting girl whose new name is "Paids" (AIDS and Paige combined) and can infect anyone so she should be ignored and coerced into being a pariah. Though the former is a real and accurate reflection of Paige, her classmates reject that reflection and instead create the latter. Her classmates are ignorant to the facts of HIV and therefore bully her for the fact that (in Lacans context) "[Paige] could create danger for [them]" and therefore they choose to "retaliate and hurt [Paige]."
ReplyDeleteSo is anyone else's memoirist being judged for something that is out of their control? Are they being poorly treated because of the ignorance of the "others" that are in their mirror?
Yes my memoirist is experiencing being treated differently because of the simple fact that she is an ‘other’ because she’s an inmate. Because she’s a criminal, the guards don’t necessarily mistreat her but they don’t have a lot of respect for her. If she were a regular person, she would obviously be treated fairly. In addition, she’s a new inmate, so I’m guessing the older ones will taunt her and bully her.
DeleteYep, my memoirist was once regarded with great respect, but ever since her husband was sentenced to death for his mental unstableness, her family started to fall from power. She starts to lose the respect that people used to give her and she also starts to lose her position as the mother of the King.
DeleteIn my memoir, "The Memoirs of Lady Hyegyong", Lady Hyegyong states that "silence was maintained to protect the dead from being subjected to incessant gossip and ridicule; instead, the dead were transformed into monsters and criminals". Applying Homi Bhabha's Hybridization Theory, this text shows us that society makes up stories about the people who aren't around and these stories become how society views them; their stories become the dead and the criminal's identity.
ReplyDeleteIn my memoir, society weaves an identity for criminals, which become viewed as the truth about that person. So, my question is: Is identity how you view yourself or how society views you? If both, which is more significant?
I really like your interpretation! I think that every person has two different identities: one regarding how they see themselves and another regarding how others see them. These two identities can have overlapping qualities (you yourself as well as others can think you're funny. So, humor would be a part of both of your identities). In "Girl, Interrupted", Susanna sees herself as a little more normal than the other patients, since she's not a huge danger to herself or others after realizing she didn't want to die once she tried to kill herself. However, her suicidal attempt alone makes people see her as mentally unstable. Therefore, her being somewhat normal is part of the identity she sees and her mental instability is a part of the identity others see.
DeleteThis is a great question. I think that analyzing your identity goes both ways; how you see yourself and how others see you because you can think whatever you want about yourself but at the same time, it matters how your interpretations and attitudes affect society. In my memoir, if you were to describe Piper, she was a preppy school girl and that’s how she saw herself but the world sees her as a criminal because she’s in jail.
DeleteI think it can be both because you will have your own perception of yourself but if you have a low self-esteem then it can be based on how society views you. For my memoirist Paige she viewed herself as normal until she got to Middle School and people found out that she had HIV and she didn't feel like the person that she used to be. But the one that I think is more significant is how you view yourself because at the end of the day you are the only who is living your life for yourself not anyone else.
DeleteI think that your identity is both, however, they are both important to each other and relate to each other. If you view yourself differently than how everyone else views you, then you have to show it, otherwise, what people think about you can start to transcribe into how you think of yourself. Like Victoria said, Paige does have low self esteem following being bullied, however, by later on showing how she is and how she wants to be portrayed, other people can change how they look at her. Thus, both are equally important and overlap, like Valerie said.
DeleteI feel that identity is how we view ourselves. In my memoir, Calvin is not affected as much by his society. The fact that his wife passed away doesn't make him vulnerable. He knows that his identity is essentially his own perspective on the situation.
DeleteIdentity plays a vital role in my memoir. The protagonist, Augusteen, feels his identity is a genetic and behavioral translation of his mothers, given that he behaves extremely similarly to her and even admits to imitating her. He is very open, seemingly, about who he is and what he does, as he doesn't hesitate to tell people he is gay and that he smokes, which sometimes might face public criticism.
DeleteI believe that identity is both how you view yourself and how society views you , but it all depends if you have a high self esteem. If you beleive that you have good qualities and society disagrees with you or thinks otherwise it doesn't matter because if you think poituive about yourself, it doesn't matter how people see you. This changes if you have a low self esteem because peoples ideas towards you will stick to you.
DeleteIn my memoir' "Orange is the New Black", Piper is finally put into jail after a decade of committing a crime. When she arrives, she is given a registration number and she states that it is part of her new identity. This connects back to the mirror theory because it states that an individual creates an identity different from others but at the same time os dependent on others to determine oneself. She is just one number out of thousands, so she will have to compete and clash with others while she is in prison to get what she wants. Are any of your memoirists experiencing struggles with their identity?
ReplyDeleteMy answer to your question is yes. My memoirist, Lady Hyegyong, had trouble with her identity as the King's mother. Although she didn't explicitly state it, I can tell that when she was stripped of her status as Queen Dowager and her son was ordered to be adopted by her brother-in-law, she wasn't comfortable to be like a mother to her son because she didn't know if she still had the rights to do so.
DeleteI think that my memoirist is struggling with her identity in regards to who she is socially. While she does have her own unique and pleasant personality, no one is able to really see it because she is bullied and this false reputation precedes her. In this way, if no one can see who she really is, then who is she, actually?
DeleteIn Brain on Fire, Susannah is struggling with her identity because the unusual disease deprived her of her "true/normal" identity. When people go tot visit her, they are all astonished by her condition for she has no control of her body or the way she reacts towards things. Now that they finally discover her disease and are finding a cure she is struggling to recover her true self
DeleteIn the last lecture the author, Randy struggles with coping with the fact that he has a terminal illness and although he still wants to do the things he normal does but he can't due to his illness
DeleteIn my memoir, it seems that when someone is open to Augusteen (the protagonist), he is more inclined to be open about himself to other. A friend of his admits to him that he is gay, which Augusteen responds by admitting he is also, which is met by a surprised reaction. I think the ability to this overcome societal barrier and allow yourself to be true with other about who you are takes immense courage.
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ReplyDeleteIn Positive, despite Paige's bullying, when she joins the cheerleading team, there is one girl who is not afraid of her or her disease. She disregards what everyone else is telling her and decides to be her friend, even helping Paige to fend off the harsh comments. While previously we were talking about how Paige's surroundings, in relation to Lacan's mirror theory, affected her actions and personality, here we are, presented with a new person. Her name is Mariah and her actions, contrary to hindering Paige, helps her immensely. In this way, we can see that Paige's surroundings are helping her. To this, I ask if anyone's memoirist is starting to show a new side to them in response to maybe one or two positive things in the light of a terrible situation and if it were possible for them to act in this way without that influence.
ReplyDeleteIn Lacan's Mirror Stage theory it states that one's identity can be made up by “ the movements assumed in the image and the reflected environment the child's own body, and the persons and things around him.” My memoirist, Augusten, does have conflicting identities based on his surroundings. His mother's influence plays a role in his identity in which he begins to smoke. Also, Dr.Finch’s home was a new environment for Augusten and it made him change some of his habits. He said “ as I spent more and more time with the Finches during that year, I could feel myself changing in profound ways, with stunning speed.” With every new environment he is exposed to his identity changes. Does anyone have a memoirist in which his/her identity changes because of their surroundings?
ReplyDeleteIn OITNB Piper, used to be a well educated girl, from a family of influential professionals and once she began being involved with criminals her identity started changing. Once she entered prison she was very independent and she had no sympathy for those around her.She didn't care about the other prisoners that surrounded her. She became very bitter and coldhearted.
DeleteIn About Alice by Calvin Trillin, Alice is diagnosed with a lung cancer. Then, "Alice said in a speech once that the worst thing cancer can do is to rob you of your identity" (38).
ReplyDeleteThis quote can be analyzed through the postcolonial theory. Alice realized that she can be characterized as the "other," since she can't perform daily activities normally. Not only that, she was aware that she lost a part of her identity, which makes her different in her society.
My question is, is there a character in your memoir who feels that he/she has an incomplete identity?
Randy Paul she memoir is a good example of the other because the whole reason why he is doing the lecture is to defy the idea that just because he is terminally I'll doesn't mean he is weak or just stays home all day. The norm for technically Ill people is staying at home and receding from society, and he's going against that and going out and communicating with others
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ReplyDelete"I could not comprehend how anybody would want to do the things [to my mom] that Fern was doing. At that moment, it would have been easier for me to spontaneously grasp quantum string theory."
ReplyDeleteThe sexual relationship his mom was having with her lesbian partner Fern seemed weird to a child that lacked maturity, understandably given his young age. Not so much because of the surprise of learning about his mom's sexuality (which he found relatable), but because of the activities they were performing. Things that seem natural to someone, or a group of people, might be considered exotic or strange to others who aren't familiar with them yet. This correlates with the idea of hybridity and post-colonialism, in that his young age determined how strange the activity seemed to him, making him highlight his mother as someone who was not comprehendible.
Have the characters in your memoirs experienced something that seemed initially strange to them? Did their reactions indicate maturity or did they adopt a 'bully' approach and treat the person or thing differently?
In Orange is the new black, Piper the main character is imprisoned in a women's prison after being involved with a drug dealer, trafficking money. Once she was incarcerated she was assigned a registration number. The number given to Piper was her new form of identification, in prison she was not a person, she was just one more of the other thousands of inmates. This relates to Lacan's mirror theory because it demonstrates that ones identity depends on the others perception on you. Although Piper is a regular women, because of her crime she is now viewed as a criminal and even worst as number. Is anyone else reading a memoir in, which the main character is identified by something other than their own name?
ReplyDeleteIn our book, "Girl, Interrupted", Susanna speaks of the world of the mentally ill and how it coexists with the world of the insane, the world of criminals, the world of the dying and so on. There is overlapping of worlds that pertains to the mentally ill. In the psychoanalytical lens, there was a specific line that I can't re call right now but basically said that people get defensive and deny the possibility of being mentally ill even though they're doing things that are basically what categorizes someone as mentally ill. So do you guys think that those who commit criminal acts and murders are mentally ill or vice versa?
ReplyDelete